My First Experience with Prostitute Essays

My First Experience with Prostitute Essays My First Experience with Prostitute Essay My First Experience with Prostitute Essay I had been at a show in San Francisco when I wound up out of cigarettes, a burden I endured maybe every other day, my propensity being less extreme than those that had ended the lives of such a large number of individuals I’d known. My companion and I had met at the theater, and we had separated after the presentation, so I was distant from everyone else in my truck when she moved toward me. My new pack was in my grasp, and I was tinkering with the covering when she showed up, outlined against the brilliant lights of the corner alcohol store. She stated, â€Å"Hey, attractive, do you need a date? † She was a pretty dark lady of around 30, however her eyes were removed, as though she also had as of late fulfilled a dependence. My first idea was heroin. My hesitation was of my sweetheart sheltered and warm in my bed. I removed the cling wrap from my new pack. She had no chance to get of knowing what my identity was, or that I functioned as a therapist at a mother and children’s medicate treatment office in Oakland. Just a couple of evenings prior, I had remained late and tuned in to the narrative of Patrice, one of my grown-up customers: how her girl had as of late turned six, and how this was raising issues for her, as six was the age at which her own mother’s beau had begun explicitly mishandling her. Patrice had clarified how she didn’t need to resemble her mom, who had in some cases been in a similar bed when the maltreatment occurred, sitting idle, and how small amounts and bits of since a long time ago curbed memory were coming back to her, finding in her little girl a youthful a guiltless variant of herself. My customer was continually giggling and kidding around, and this was the first run through I’d seen her cry. I stated, â€Å"No, I need to return home. † The lady waited at my open window, and I took a gander at her face. She was appealing, and unobtrusively squandered from the start, however then she began to get restless, which caused me to feel somewhat apprehensive too. My engine was running, yet I didn’t pull away. I pondered who this young lady was, and what she had done before she took up her present calling. I realized that a portion of my grown-up customers had been phone administrators, receptionists, and even medication guides before their propensities took them to the road. About 70% had sold their bodies for medicate cash while in their addictions. Patrice was brilliant, yet had been moderately youthful when she rioted. The feelings she had prepared a few evenings ago were profound, and now and again clashing. In addition to the fact that she wanted to shield her little girl from what had befallen her, yet she additionally felt envious of her girl: desirous that her girl could be six years of age in a mother and children’s tranquilize treatment program where she was shielded from misuse. And afterward she felt regretful about inclination desirous of her little girl. Furthermore, she was distraught at her mom, wishing that her mom, additionally a someone who is addicted, could have discovered a program like the one at which she was an occupant, and I an instructor. The lady stated, â€Å"Well at that point, hello, would you be able to simply drive me two or three squares down the road? I just gotta get two or three squares down the road. † She was getting progressively anxious, and this made me somewhat dreadful, yet I was shocked by the idea that experienced my head. My dread was not that this young lady would have a weapon, and attempt to mug me, nor was it that some enormous â€Å"pimp† would rise up out of the dimness and bother me. It was that the police would unexpectedly rise up out of no place and capture me. Capture me for what? I hadn’t offered her any cash, and I hadn’t welcomed her into my vehicle. Be that as it may, I was as yet apprehensive. And afterward I out of nowhere grinned at the incongruity: How interesting it was that an aspect of my responsibilities was to support previous whores and street pharmacists figure out how to lead the â€Å"straight† life, yet I was more frightful of ensnarement by the police than of a whore and the offensive organization that may encompass her. Several silly traffic stops by a multi year time frame had been sufficient to subvert y sentiment of security around Officers of the Law. She stated, â€Å"Come on, Baby, only a few squares down the road. † I had seen at work that a large number of the ladies I worked with were acceptable in the territory of deals. They could keep you engaged with a discussion, or persuade you to give them a bene fit that the principles didn't permit, with extraordinary ability. Indeed, in advocates gatherings we had talked about the significance of helping our grown-up customers â€Å"sublimate† their business aptitudes into what we thought about real work. What's more, there I was, for the most part my very own detainee considerations, yet in addition of her perseverance, really examining giving her a ride. I stated, â€Å"No, I truly got the opportunity to get over the extension. † And by then I gave her a look, I recollect, of something like mistrust, as though to state, â€Å"What the damnation would we say we are doing around here having this discussion? Also, who are you, truly? † I felt sort of tore up, and like I needed to reveal to her what my identity was, and I's job. And afterward her face mollified, and she grinned, however only for a few seconds. She knew at that time that I wasn’t a likely John, and I think she realized that I didn’t judge her either. When she stated, â€Å"Just a few squares? † there was no conviction in her voice. â€Å"I’m simply searching for a date,† kind of trailed off into the night. I hauled a cigarette out of my pack however I didn’t offer her one. I guess I was returning my limits up. I stated, â€Å"I trust you discover a man who treats you right tonight,† and I glanced her straight in the face since I would not joke about this. At that point I misled the truck into first and pulled. On the scaffold, the Bay Bridge which returns me toward the East Bay, I thought about whether I’d see her in our Program one day, or if she’d end up dead, or simply continue doing what’s she’s doing. At work the following day, I needed to make reference to my experience to Partice, however I didn't, as it isn't suitable to talk about our own lives with customers. This all occurred around three years back. Last I heard, Patrice was still perfect and calm, had a great job, and her girl was progressing nicely. With respect to the whore, I don’t think I’d perceive her in the event that I saw her today.

Mathematical Thinking and Numeracy Process

Question: Compose paper on The nature and the advancement of the numerical reasoning and numeracy process in youngsters. Answer: Presentation Science is normally the most global of all the educational plan subjects, and the comprehension of this issue impacts significantly on the dynamic in all the territories from private, common and the social viewpoints. Maths instruction is a key to the expansion of the post school and the citizenship chances of the kids today. In the present, as in the past numerous kids battle with science and they are generally repelled as they constantly experience the impediments to part of engagement.(Aunie Niemivirta, 2010) The numeracy aptitudes are huge for all the youngsters to create. Without this segments, the cutting edge life turns out to be nearly to the difficult to live. All the more regularly there is difference about how to move toward the learning, and how this angle ought to be acquainted with the youngsters. In some cases when we think about the numeracy, we frequently think about the school rather not in the school setting and the instructing techniques that depend on the repetit ion learning and remembrance of the ideas. Having the uplifting mentalities and the capabilities in the numeracy of science is fundamental for fruitful learning of the youngsters. (Aunie Niemivirta, 2010)The establishment of this locale is normally worked at the youth. As the children play at the shopping home corner, utilizing the cash and the sales register, they begin to start to take part in the checking, expansion and deduction and the different scientific ideas. (Austin Howson, 1979)Such encounters permit the youngsters to build up their numeracy capacities at their pace. There are different hypotheses of the numerical learning and the understanding which are appropriate for the educating; a portion of these are behaviorism, Piaget, Constructivism, socio-culturalism and the hypothesis of the epitomized arithmetic. On this paper, it will take a gander at the socio-culturalism hypothesis for the learning and the educating of arithmetic. It will clarify why this technique is most appropriate than the others learning hypotheses. Plus, it would show why the educating and the learning of the maths have left practice today, and concentrated more as being perkiness, imagination and having some good times for the youngsters. Socio-culturalism hypothetical point of view The embodiment of choosing this hypothesis of learning arithmetic is on the grounds that it is an understudy focused instructional method that they learn through the encounters of taking care of the issue. They figure out how to apply the reasoning methodologies and furthermore the information space. The substance of this hypothesis is to assist the youngsters with developing the adaptable information, the abilities to take care of the issue and have a discovering that is started by them independently. All the more so they can build up these community abilities by being persuaded on what they are doing. Comprehension of the hypothesis On this hypothesis was created by a man named Vygotsky and throughout the years his work has increased a great deal of acknowledgment in the instruction of the arithmetic. His hypothesis expresses that the advancement of the insight of the understudies results from the communication of the world and the discourse, the social collaboration with others, and the agreeable movement of the social world.(Austin Howson, 1979) The youngsters utilize the language to expand on the intellectual devices that every ha the cognizant command over. The jobs of the instructor are generously focused to the usage of this hypothesis in that they ought to pass on all the relationship that exists between the signs and the significance of those signs depicted by the kids. As indicated by the creator he portrayed an improvement that is alluded to as Zone of Proximal that is basically the separation between the elaboration of the youngster and their degree of the potential advancement that is the degree of w orking with the adults.(Clarke, 2001) On this zone it permits the grown-up to be the device holder significance; to have the cognizant control of the different numerical ideas, for the kid until they can disguise on the outside information. Hence, this all procedure is alluded to as the framework. On the correlation with different speculations of Piaget; Vygotskys hypothesis specifies that the kid has a functioning job in the learning. (Mercer Sams, 2006)Therefore, the thought of the kid needs to disguise the outer information is valuable. Another diverse that can be seen to Piagets hypothesis is on the job of the educator, inferring that the Piagets don't address instructing effectively. The hypothesis will in general overstate the perspective on the kid development understanding on their positions which ought to be done in the disconnection. The behaviorism hypothesis looks to clarify on the perceptible associations with the student to the earth and no meddling anything. In learni ng science, there ought to be collaboration with others model through movement or play. This hypothesis extraordinarily disheartens the part of learning through collaboration, just by perception. In today times, the learning procedure has changed, and the kids need to play, have a great time and be inventive. As a correlation with constructivism look for that the information on a youngster is principally built in the setting of the earth, with social-culturalism, there is a requirement for the social association on the planet and the discourse, and furthermore the helpful movement is the basic part of the social world(Mercer Sams, 2006). This how to build up the intellectual devices by collaborating with the earth through playing, and being imaginative. Reasons why maths has abandoned practices and embraced energy, fun, and innovativeness The subject of science in its unadulterated sense is a deliberation. The utilization of the math has been a useful asset in portraying and expectation of the occasions in our general surroundings. The capacity of the science to display the successfully in the truth has made numerous researchers figures a different fun model to make it progressively intelligent in the school.(Aunie Niemivirta, 2010) In today, long are the days the subject used to be a practice and retaining of the ideas. There are different reasons today concerning why educator have left the practices technique and received the carefree, and imaginative ones in the instructing. The utilization of instructing with these new strategy has been seen as helpful as the middle people between this present reality and the universe of science. Such strategies will in general advance the critical thinking abilities to the youngsters by giving a vehicle in which these kids can expand on the model of the genuine day by day circums tances. (Austin Howson, 1979)The utilization of these great strategy are seen as more unique arranged than the genuine circumstance however yet, less theoretical than the proper image idea of the subject. Another perspective is that playing is basic components all the more so in the youth educational program of the kids and the teaching method. (Austin Howson, 1979)It is a vehicle for the learning purposes in which the kids can exhibit their learning result and help likewise framework the learning of different youngsters. The educators today endeavor as a lot to advance different playing exercises while instructing maths to encourage on the kids scientific deduction capacity to explaining the riddles. In schools now there are intrigue bases on the study hall of maths programs. (Clarke, 2001)Some of these are; bewilders, boxes, and drawing materials. The youngsters are alloted every movement, and the instructor watches their capacity to handle the circumstance. The utilization of such material advance numerical thinking about the kids rather they would not concentrate on the practices of the ideas however do them for all intents and purposes. The pith of play and have a great time in the class is described by the non-straight part of consider the possibility that the way to deal with thinking about the child.(Mercer Sams, 2006) In this sense, there would be different end focuses or the results that are conceivable to a given circumstance. Basically, the part of playing or innovativeness makes different circumstances, where there is no single right answer. The utilization of these techniques gives the kid the proprietorship and the control in the inception of that specific movement. In a model, the youngster who is inundated in the square play can make physical and reasonable space in order to decide the bearing and the result of the game. At the point when the youngster keeps others out of the play, he applies the idea of control and capability. On this strategy, it assists with making people who are scholars, capacity and loaded with power. The part of the mathematic issue would not be difficult to handle since they have built up the critical thinking abilities from the youth and it is amusing to deal with them(Clarke, 2001). End Its an obvious fact that the substance of the instruction has changed unimportantly in the course of recent years. The educators over the world are striving to furnish the youngsters with the abilities that are required in the 21st Century world. There are a great deal of contention that the science is fundamentally getting significant in our general public. It is apparent that the inescapable innovation is there in our occasions are and would keep on existing on the maintainability premise. These creating advances to be scientifically equipped. There is the need to demand the adaptability and flexibility to the changing innovation and to accomplish this the teachers must give the learning condition that energizes the parts of basic reasoning, correspondence, the critical thinking aptitudes and the worldwide mindfulness. A portion of the present procedures the teachers are utilizing to set up the kids in the 21st Century in learning of arithmetic are; the utilization of the incorpora ted innovation, the utilization of the agreeable learning structures that envelops on youngsters organized methodology, in order to support cooperation among the kids. References Aunie, P., Niemivirta, M. (2010). Foreseeing kids' mathematica execution in grade one by early numeracy. Learning and Individual Differences,

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 28th, 2019

Book Riots Deals of the Day for February 28th, 2019 Sponsored by our giveaway of $100 to Amazon in support of Swords and Spaceships, our sci-fi/fantasy newsletter! These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals Hair Story: Untangling the Roots of Black Hair in America by Ayana Byrd and Lori Tharps for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Practical Magic by Alice Hoffman for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. We Are Okay by Nina LaCour for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals The James Beard Cookbook by James Beard for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. 2666: A Novel by Roberto Bolaño for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous daily deals that are still active (as of this writing at least). Get em while theyre hot. 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Descartes And John Locke s Views On Human Understanding

The body, mind, and soul are said to be capable of extraordinary properties that assist in human understanding. Renà © Descartes, and John Locke are two primary philosophers that have shaped modern philosophy with their views on human understanding. Both philosophers assumed that the proper function of human understanding relies upon processes within the body. The processes involved in this understanding are viewed distinctly by each philosopher. Descartes described that the mind and body interact between each other to form human understanding. To interpret the mind, and body processes, it is important to decipher what is contributed to each part. Descartes had certain criterion to determine whether a function belongs to the body, or mind. He believed that what is experienced, and physically seen belongs to the body; while everything else that is unable to belong to the body belongs to the mind, or soul (Descartes, 1998, p. 54-55). Due to this, Descartes insisted that nothing can be attributed to the mind, except two types of processes. The first type is actions, or volitions; the other type is passions, which are referred to as sensations and perceptions (Descartes, 1998, p. 54). Each type may be categorized into different processes. Actions are viewed as two different processes. One type is actions that are volitions produced from the mind, or soul (Descartes, 1998, p. 62). This type is considered to be the internal operations that are voluntarily controlled. The otherShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke s View On Identity963 Words   |  4 PagesHow is John Locke acknowledged in society? Rene Descartes became accredited by what? Well, people knew these men for their philosophical views, their views on identity varied undoubtedly. For example, Descartes famous line I think, therefore I am alludes to the fact that he most certainly exists. On the other hand, Locke believes that if you committed a crime, but cannot recall your actions, then you should not serve time for your crime. Hence, Descartes perspective of identity contains the selfRead MorePropelling Rational Thought Over Compelling Empiricism1459 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I intend to examine the rationalist philosophy of Rene Descartes and fundamental em piricism of John Locke’s philosophical arguments, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, his identity and attempt to explain distinctions between the two. As I lay the framework of my argument it is important to understand the precepts that serve as the underpinning for the views considered by Descartes and Locke respectively. Rationalism and empiricism are two modes of thought thatRead MoreRene Descartes s Philosophy And The Science Of Philosophy1114 Words   |  5 PagesRene Descartes was a rationalist who is considered the father of modern philosophy, primarily because his ideas departed from current understanding in the early 17th century, which was more feeling based (Biography.com). He was born on March 31, 1956, in France and was a very educated man. His mother sent him to a boarding school which was considered college at an early age of 8. Additionally, by the age of 22 he had obtained his degree as a lawyer. To further this, he believed that all truths wereRead MorePersonal Statement : Personal Identity1267 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophers have different opinions on what the â€Å"self† is and how it functions. â€Å"Someone s personal identity in this sense consists of those features she takes to â€Å"define her as a person† or â€Å"make her the person she is† (Eric T. Olson). John Locke was a ancient philosopher who believed that the ‘self† came from memory rather than the body. Renà © Descartes was famous for the phrase, â€Å"I think therefore I am†. Understanding personal identity can be a challenge, and it is very easy to overthink your identityRead MoreThe Philosophical Beliefs Of Substance Dualism And Modern Materialism953 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Dualism and modern Materialism The tradition of Substance Dualism was formulated by Rene Descartes to define the differing modes of the soul that function in the human mind. The dualistic aspect of this philosophy is based on the presence of a higher power, such as God, that provides the essence of the mind through the soul, yet the human body is separated from this process. Therefore, Descartes sought to divide the mind from the material body as a method of defining the limitations of theRead MoreThe Principles Of Empiricism And The Spirit Behind It2295 Words   |  10 Pagesand the problems it gave rise to. Locke, John, An Essay concerning human understanding, Everyman, 1961: Book 1, of Innate ideas, Book 2, chapter 1, of ideas in general and their original, Berkeley, George, A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge. Empiricists endorse the idea that we have no source of knowledge in S or for the concepts we use in S other than sense experience. This radical way of thinking began in the 17th century, with John Locke often regarded as the â€Å"father of BritishRead More Nelson on Descartess Theory of Perception and Judgment3058 Words   |  13 PagesNelson on Descartes?s Theory of Perception and Judgment ABSTRACT: One tension in Descartes?s account of human error stems from the idea that we may be faulted for our acts of will, despite the fact that God is our omnipotent and omniscient creator. In the present essay, I describe a second tension in Descartes?s account of human error. After describing the tension, I consider Alan Nelson?s characterization of the means by which Descartes?s intended to relieve it. Although Nelsons interpretationRead More Poes Fall of The House of Usher Essay: Beyond Empiricism and Transcendentalism1482 Words   |  6 Pages     Ã‚   When Edgar Allan Poe wrote The Fall of the House of Usher, two factors greatly influenced his writing. A first influence was John Lockes idea of Empiricism, which was the idea that all knowledge was gained by experiences, exclusively through the senses. A second vital influence was Transcendentalism, which was a reaction to Empiricism.   While John Locke believed that reality or truth was constituted by the material world and by the senses, Transcendentalists believed that reality and truthRead MoreDavid Hume Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesDavid Hume Hume, David, 1711-76, Scottish philosopher and historian. Hume carried the empiricism of John Locke and George Berkeley to the logical extreme of radical skepticism. He repudiated the possibility of certain knowledge, finding in the mind nothing but a series of sensations, and held that cause-and-effect in the natural world derives solely from the conjunction ofRead MoreA Brief Biography of Rene Descartes1580 Words   |  6 Pagesof philosopher Rene Descartes, who had endorsed the mechanistic conception of the world and the human body by coining notions such as mind, substance, and the knowledge argument; although his notions were not always accepted, he managed to provide valid support. Born in France, Rene Descartes, dubbed The Father of Modern Philosophy was, in a way, a Renaissance man having contributed influence amongst subjects such science, mathematics, psychology, and philosophy. Descartes was the medium of the

Beyond Budgeting and Better Budgeting Approaches to Managing Business Research Paper

Beyond Budgeting and Better Budgeting Approaches to Managing Business Research Paper The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the two approaches to managing business, which are called Beyond Budgeting and Better Budgeting. Furthermore, the empirical evidence use and various motivational theories will be discussed so as to define the best way of budget setting for accounting manager. Beyond Budgeting and Better Budgeting Approaches to Managing Business The first management model that will be considered is Beyond Budgeting. It was developed as a means to change the situation that was often met by different organizations, when the management process related to budgeting, such as the way of setting goals and strategies, allocating resources, actions coordination, etc. were not neutral in terms of management behavior and thinking. So, there were defined ten reasons why budgeting caused considerable problems and should have been replaced: It is too expensive and detailed, being highly bureaucratic, which results in its absorbing of 20 percent of the manager’s time. It stifles innovation and initiative, as it supports authoritarian management. It increases reputational risk and encourages unethical behavior, as it presupposes aggressive targets and incentives that usually have to be met at any cost. It demotivates people, as budgeting usually entails going with the flow, instead of maximizing performance. As a result people tend to do minimum of work. It is out-of-date within short periods of time, as its key assumptions usually become outdated rather frequently, and their mastering requires additional time spent. It doesn’t deal with strategy, as budgeting is founded on departments and functions. It is out-of-killer with competitive environment, as today mangers are more concerned with continuous innovation and fast response, than with the actual management of budgets and people. It protects costs that do not add value, as they are usually compiled on the basis of previous year outcomes. It prevents rapid response, as it is not the purpose of budgeting, but is required for successful work. It reinforces control and command. So, it is obvious that the budgeting in this way was designed not for working on several tasks with an emphasis on speed and autonomy, but instead for large companies with deep hierarchies (Beinhocker, 2006). As a result, the traditional management model can be summarized in the following way: There are too many costs incurred in setting budgets and targets, implementing tools and managing budgets and people from remote locations. There are too few people involved in decision-making and strategy, which is top-down process. There are many trade-offs made between the demand for short-term results and long-term value creation, which results in micro-management development. This model doesn’t have transparency in decision-making. The structure is too rigid, and talented people tend to leave it. Accountability is aimed at pleasing the management, not the customer (BBRT, 2011). Figure 1. Traditional management model interpretation (BBRT, 2011). The Beyond Budgeting model offers an effective alternative to the existing traditional model. The proposed changes are presented in the form of Table 1. Table 1. Beyond Budgeting model compared to the traditional management model. In order to reach such a style of management, it is necessary to rethink the traditional vertical organization and change it into the one to face the customer. The basis of the Beyond Budgeting model is rethinking team-based accountability (Bogsnes, 2009). Figure 2. Accountability map of adaptive organizations (BBRT, 2011). In Beyond Budgeting model there are three kinds of teams: executive team, which is responsible for setting goals and purpose and maximization of other units’ performance; support services teams that support and serve the value centers; value center teams, which formulate strategy, deliver value and invest capital (Hope, Fraser, 2003). Besides, there are usually project teams formed, but they are project-specific and temporarily established. There are 12 principles of Beyond Budgeting approach that were developed on the basis of evidence collected during 12 years (CIMA, 2004). They combine the best of the best practices of world leading organizations so as to define the best budgeting model. The list of principles is as follows: I Governance and Transparency Values – there is no central plan; instead, there is common cause. Governance – there are no detailed rules and regulations; instead – sound judgment and shared values. Transparency – no restriction an control of information; instead – transparent and open data. II Accountable teams Teams – there are no centralized functions of departments; instead – network of accountable firms. Trust –no micro-management of firms; instead – trust to regulate their performance on their own. Accountability – there are no hierarchical relationships; instead – accountability basis on peer reviews and holistic criteria. III Goals and rewards. Goals – no turning of goals into fixed contracts; instead – facilitation of ambitious goals setting by the teams. Rewards – there are no fixed targets; instead – rewards basis on relative performance. IV Planning and controls. Planning – it is not a top-down event; instead – it is inclusive and continuous process. Coordination – interactions are coordinated not through budgets that are defined on annual basis, but instead – dynamically. Resources – they are made available not just-in-case, but just-in-time. Controls – the basis is not budget variances, but instead – frequent and fast feedback. There are seven steps that are necessary to be made in order to implement the Beyond Budgeting model into reality (Hope, Fraser, 2001): Establishing of a guiding coalition – it should be a team of 10-12 people who can create the vision for change and guide the process of its implementation. Thinking like a revolutionary – leaders have to apply their creative thinking to the management processes, apart from the business models, products and processes. Establishing several design teams – they will implement the Beyond Budgeting principles so as to design an effective management model and implement it into reality. Building an urgent case for change and convincing the board – the executives should understand why Beyond Budgeting principles are necessary for your particular organization. Looking for quick wins – leaders should identify quick wins to maintain momentum and build credibility. Education and training – all the newly-established teams should be properly trained and educated so as to be aware of all the peculiarities of the new model. Consolidating the gains and maintaining the momentum – it is necessary to constantly create value centers and reduce operating process and support services teams. According to the Better Budgeting approach, there are five techniques that are believed to generate improvements (Neely, Bourne, Adams, 2003): Value-based management – it is dedicated to managing the shareholder value’s creation over time. All the expenditure plans are assessed in terms of the shareholder value they will create and evaluated as project appraisals. It helps to link shareholder value and strategy to budgeting and planning. Activity-based budgeting – it involves controlling and planning along value-adding processes and activities. Organization’s activities, as well as business processes are structured so that they better meet external and customers’ needs. Profit planning – it is dedicated to planning financial cash flows of profit centers so as to assess whether a unit or organization creates economic value, generates sufficient cash, and attracts sufficient financial resources for investment. When preparing its financial plans, it ensures consolidation of an organization’s long- and short -term prospects. Zero-base budgeting – it presupposes that expenditures are rejustified during each of the budgeting cycles, which helps to avoid building on the inaccuracies and inefficiencies or previous history. The value of this approach depends on operating environment’s stability. Rolling forecasts and budgets – it solves issues related to infrequent budgeting and, thus, results in more accurate forecasts. It overcomes problems with budgeting at a fixed point in time and the often dubious practices that encourage such cut-offs. It’s also more responsive to changing circumstances, but at the same time requires permanent resources to administer. In order to improve the accuracy and focus of budget outputs, it is reasonable to use zero-base and activity-based budgeting techniques. But in this case, there is a problem – they involve even more work than the traditional budgets. It is the main reason why it Is not recommended to use them on regular basis. Rolling forecasts and budgets has the most potential as a better regular budgeting approach. Many organizations have already introduced it successfully to overcome the traditional budgeting time-lag problem and improve the accuracy of their forecast. Profit planning and value-based management are more theoretical than broadly adopted. It is hard to evaluate their efficiency, as very few examples of implementation techniques and practical applications exist. On the whole, there is no universal approach to better budgeting that can solve all the problems at once (Bunce, Fraser, Woodcock, 1995). Motivational Theories Now let us consider the motivational theories and the use of empirical evidence in them, so as to define the best of them for accountant management purposes. First of all, it is necessary to understand that motivation is a complex issue, and in terms of management they are based on the needs of individuals (CliffsNotes.com, n.d.). The first theory we are going to analyze is the content theory of motivation, which is focused on the specific factors motivating an individual. These specific factors are found within a person, but at the same time things surrounding him/her can exert influence as well. It is clear that all people have some needs that they want to satisfy. Among them it is possible to single out the primary needs, such as ones for sleep, food, and water. They deal with the physical aspects of human behavior and are still considered unlearned. The needs of this kind have biological nature and are relatively stable. The influences they have on people’s behavior are obvious and, thus, are easy to be identified. Another group of need is called secondary needs (Reid, 2002). As distinct from the first group, these needs are of psychological nature and are learned through experience. Thus, they deal directly with empirical evidence. They usually vary considerably by individual and by culture. These needs consist of internal states, such as the desire for achievement, power, and love. Interpreting and identifying these needs is more difficult, as they are demonstrated in a variety of ways. At the same time, they are responsible for exactly the kind of behavior managers are concerned with and for the rewards a person seeks in an organization. We will consider the theories that explain needs as motivation that were developed by several theorists, including Frederick Herzberg, Abraham Maslow, Clayton Alderfer, and David McClelland. According to Abraham Maslow, need is a psychological or physiological deficiency that a person feels the compulsion to satisfy. It can create certain tensions that influence a persons work behaviors and attitudes. The scientists formed a theory on the basis of his definition of need, which presupposes that people are motivated by various needs, which exist in a hierarchical order. His premise is that a satisfied need is not a motivator, and so, only an unsatisfied need can influence behavior (Simons, Irwin, Drinnien, 1987). The following two principles lie in the foundation of the Maslow’s theory: Progression principle: he identified five needs that exist in a hierarchy, which means that a need of any level starts influencing a person when a lower-level need is satisfied. Deficit principle: satisfied need doesn’t motivate people’s behavior, because they act to satisfy only deprived needs. The levels of needs defined by Maslow are presented below: I Higher level needs: Self-actualization needs – the person needs challenging and creative work, as well as participation in decision-making and job flexibility and autonomy. Esteem needs – it is necessary to establish conditions of recognition and praise from the management; responsibility for important part of job; availability of promotion prospects. II Lower level needs: Social needs – it is necessary to have interaction with customers, pleasant supervisor and friendly coworkers. Safety needs – person needs job security, compensation and benefits, as well as safe conditions of work. Physiological needs – person should feel physical comfort at job; reasonable working hours and rest and refreshment breaks. Frederick Herzberg developed another framework for understanding the motivational implications of work environments (Lundberg, Gudmundson, Andersson, 2009). He has developed two-factor theory, which identifies the factors that influence performance level of people: Motivators or satisfiers involve such things as achievement, responsibility, growth opportunities, and feelings of recognition. They are the key to job motivation and satisfaction. Hygiene factors are job security, salary, organizational policies, working conditions and technical quality of supervision. They do not motivate employees, but can cause dissatisfaction if they are missing. According to Herzbergs two-factor theory, managers should ensure that hygiene factors are adequate and only then build satisfiers into jobs. Clayton Alderfer developed ERG (Existence, Relatedness, Growth) theory. It is founded upon Maslows hierarchy of needs. First of all, he collapses Maslows five levels of needs into three (Arnolds, Boshoff, 2002): Existence needs – deal with desires for material and physiological well-being. Relatedness needs – deal with the desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships. Growth needs – deal with desires for continued psychological development and growth. According to this theory, unsatisfied needs motivate behavior, and when lower level needs are satisfied, they become less important. At the same time, higher level needs become more important when they are satisfied. If they are not met, a person may move down the hierarchy, which is called the frustration-regression principle. It means that already satisfied lower level need can become activated again and will influence behavior when a higher level need cannot be satisfied. David McClelland developed a theory, according to which everyone prioritizes needs in a different way (1987). He also believes that it is done on the basis of empirical evidence. He defined the following three needs: Need for achievement – the main drive to excel. Need for power – deals with the desire to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise. Need for affiliation – deals with the desire for close, friendly interpersonal relationships and conflict avoidance. Each need is associated with a distinct set of work preferences, which can help managers tailor the environment to meet these needs. High achievers differ from others by their desires to do things better. They are strongly motivated by job situations with feedback, personal responsibility, and an intermediate degree of risk. Those who have a high need of power are likely to follow a path of continued promotion over time. They usually enjoy being in charge and prefer being placed in competitive and status-oriented situations. People with the highest need for affiliation seek social approval, companionship, and satisfying interpersonal relationships. They usually are more interested in work that provides social approval and companionship; they strive for friendship and prefer cooperative situations. Recommendations and Conclusions On the basis of the conducted analysis of widely-spread approaches to accountant management, it is possible to single out the following recommendations and conclusions: It is not reasonable to make use of the traditional model that involves budgeting, as it brings many implications on the way of successful company management and achieving of goals. It is necessary to change the traditional strategy into the one presupposed by the Beyond Budgeting approach, as it was proven that it positively influences the overall efficiency of the company’s management and brings numerous benefits. It was already chosen by many companies, such as Google, Toyota, American Express and success of these companies is another evidence of the model’s edge over the traditional one. In order to successfully base the manager’s work, it’s necessary to take into account the empirical evidence of the workers, and in particular the needs derived by this evidence. In order to do it, it is recommended to make use of the motivational theories based on the individual needs of employers.

Putnam Work@Home Case Free Essays

string(159) " the productivity numbers of the experimental work@home employees and compare them to their respective productivity numbers from when they worked in-facility\." Cost and Benefit Analysis of work@home One of the primary advantages of the work@home program is that it creates a cost advantage. Having employees work at home as opposed to in-facility is significantly less costly. According to Table A in the case, annual recurring costs for each individual working in-facility is around $10,650. We will write a custom essay sample on Putnam Work@Home Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is over twice the recurring cost of the average work@home employee with an ISDN connection and over 20 times the annual recurring cost of a work@home employee with a cable modem connection. Given the large quantity work@home employees at Putnam, this program provides a method of greatly reducing recurring costs in the short and long term. Additionally, the e-learning program costs less than half of what the traditional training process costs. It even better prepares employees for the job because the quality of the training is higher and individuals can complete the training at their own pace. Moreover, work@home employees feel that Putnam has made a sizeable investment in them, and feeling is supported by high productivity rates and decreased turnover. The turnover rate among work@home employees is around 8% which is significantly lower than the Putnam average of 30%. By training employees for less and retaining them for longer, Putnam decreases both recruiting and training costs by a significant margin. Furthermore, the work@home program allows Putnam to expand their business into new areas without having to invest in additional real estate. And because the majority of these work@home employees are from rural areas where the cost of living is lower than locations near Putnam’s office facilities, Putnam can get away with paying work@home employees less than their in-facility counterparts. All these factors contribute to the low cost advantage that the work@home program creates. Because Putnam only allows high productivity workers the option of working at home, the work@home program can provide an incentive for employees to increase their productivity. According to a Putnam manager, anyone who is eligible to work from home and who wants to can work at home as long as he has higher than average productivity. Anyone at Putnam who desires to work from home will have the incentive to increase productivity above the mean so that they will have the option of working from home. However, this ncentive only applies to workers who have jobs that allow them to work from home. Also, many people like the social experience that the office brings and have no desire to work from home. One of the pitfalls of using this program as an incentive is that there is no reason for employees to produce anything higher than the company average. However, all things considered, this program does i ncentivize a select group of individuals to boost their productivity levels. Various costs arise from the work@home program as well. It takes a special type of person to succeed in a work@home position. Employees must be willing to sacrifice the social aspect of work and must be good at solving problems on their own because immediate help cannot always be obtained. Unfortunately the workers who fit the work@home criteria do not necessarily bring about optimal production for Putnam. The most qualified and potentially productive candidates may find the work@home program to be unfulfilling. Consequently Putnam is forced to accept candidates who while still productive, may not produce optimally. In fact, overqualified candidates in Vermont and Mane tended to have higher turnover rates due to the unfulfilling nature of the work. One of the other primary costs of the program is the communication barrier. By not being in-facility, work@home employees cannot as easily talk to co-workers or supervisors about work-related problems. Also they are not exposed to the culture and are unable to get as good of a sense of how the company operates compared to in-facility workers. Putnam has tried to mitigate these costs through the advent of the chat system and other communication methods, but the fact remains that communication is not as good as it is among in-facility workers. Finally, employee performance needs to be monitored a bit more closely with work@home. Due to the lack of social pressure among co-workers to perform, employees could be tempted to shirk. But Putnam’s performance evaluation process has eliminated this problem, and in fact, work@home employees have been equally if not more productive than in-facility workers. Human Resources Policies Overall I think Putnam is doing a pretty good job with regards to its human resources policies in the work@home program. However, I feel a few changes could be made that could improve the program. According to some Putnam managers, monitoring an employee working at home is not significantly different from monitoring employees in-facility. Rather, supervisors just have to monitor what’s going on â€Å"in different ways†. If it really isn’t much more costly or time consuming to monitor work@home employees as opposed to in-facility employees, I see no reason to offer work@home opportunities exclusively to high productivity employees. My recommendation is that Putnam rank workers on a relative scale in quintiles and assign each quintile a grade of A, B, C, D, or E with A workers being the top 20% and E workers the bottom 20%. Employees should not be made aware of their rankings. Next, my recommendation is that Putnam select a sample of employees from each of the bottom three quintiles to work at home for a period of 6 months to a year. The reasoning for only using the bottom three quintiles is that the top two quintiles are already eligible to work at home. The purpose of the experiment is to determine from a cost standpoint whether or not it is advantageous to allow average and below average employees to work at home. Putnam should use the exact same evaluation process and compensation system with these employees. In other words, they should be treated no differently from the typical work@home employee. Putnam should then compare the productivity numbers of the experimental work@home employees and compare them to their respective productivity numbers from when they worked in-facility. You read "Putnam Work@Home Case" in category "Essay examples" If there is not a huge discrepancy in their productivity, then it may be advantageous for Putnam to allow employees of average to below average productivities to participate in the work@home program. In fact, because overhead costs are so low for work@home employees compared to in-facility counterparts, it could still be advantageous from a cost standpoint for Putnam to allow these employees to work at home even if their productivities drop off a bit. There are two major concerns I would have with employees in the bottom 3 quintiles working at home. One is that worker productivity will drop without direct monitoring. The second is that monitoring costs will spike due to the employees’ lack of motivation to do the job alone at home. If the increased costs of monitoring and the value of lost productivity do not exceed the difference in overhead cost between work@home and in-facility employees, then Putnam should definitely consider allowing more employees to work at home. Doing so could decrease operating costs and increase profits in the long run. By performing this experiment Putnam can figure out how to optimally take advantage of its unique work@home program. The limitation of this is that it may not be possible to assign a dollar amount to the cost of increased supervisory monitoring or the value of lost productivity. In light of this, it may be difficult to determine any cost advantages from performing this experiment. With regards to employee evaluation and compensation, I believe Putnam is doing a more than adequate job. By using both quantitative and subjective measures of performance like accuracy and call screening, Putnam keeps work@home employees on their toes and producing at a high level. Additionally, by offering bonuses tied to performance of up to 20% of base salary, Putnam does a solid job of aligning work@home employees interests with the company’s. The high level of productivity and low turnover rate among work@home employees is proof that these policies work. One other aspect of HR that could be improved is making a clear cut path of promotion from work@home employee up to a higher level position like manager or supervisor. By establishing a clear path to a higher level job in the company, Putnam can inspire its work@home employees to work harder than ever. However, this could result in employee sabotage and decreased collaboration among work@home employees. Employees may refrain from helping each other out because they are all seeking the same promotion. Experimental work@home The first thing the travel agency should do is come up with a method of measuring employee performance. Without an accurate method of measuring performance, the experiment will not yield any meaningful results. The travel agency ideally would find a quantitative measure of performance that helps predict the total profit or revenues of the firm. By finding a quantitative measure that drives revenues, the travel agency can be sure that their method of evaluation will tie closely into firm performance. For the sake of simplicity in this exercise, I will assume that the number of clients served is the quantitative measure that most closely measures firm profitability and employee productivity. The next step in performing this experiment would be to research the costs associated with having a call center employee work at home as opposed to in-facility. If it is not any cheaper to have employees work at home, then there is no reason to even perform the experiment. This difference in cost is between work at home and in-facility employees will eventually determine whether or not a work at home program would be advantageous for the travel agency. The major cost would likely be installing the work phone in each employee’s house. There could be other costs in addition, however, like increased supervisory costs. Next, similar to my strategy for Putnam, I would rank all call center employees on a relative scale based on productivity and divide them into quartiles. Then I would take a random selection of a given amount of employees from each productivity quartile. These randomly selected individuals would be the ones taking part in the work at home experiment. These individuals would work at home for a lengthy period of say 6 months to a year. The travel agency should heavily monitor their productivity during their time working at home, which in this case would be keeping track of clients served. At the end of the trial period of the work at home experiment, the travel agency should collect all the data regarding the participating individuals’ productivity. Their productivity should be compared to each individual’s respective productivity in the 6 months to a year prior to the experiment. Also, to adjust for possible seasonal factors influencing productivity, the travel agency could compare each work at home employee’s productivity to other employees in the same quartile who work in facility. The main concern here should be that worker productivity could decrease to the point that it would not be cost effective for the travel agency to have employees work at home, in spite of the fact that it probably costs significantly less in overhead to have employees work at home. If possible, the travel agency should attempt to assign dollar values to the additional costs of productivity loss and supervision from having employees work at home. If these additional costs are less than the difference in overhead cost between work at home and in-facility employees, then implementing a work at home program would probably be advantageous for the travel agency. There is a reason workers are ranked on a relative scale at the beginning of the experiment. Call center employees of different productivities may respond differently to working at home. The highest productivity employees are probably the most intrinsically motivated, and thus we would expect to see not as large a drop off in their performance as employees in other quartiles. Based on the data collected at the end of the experiment, the travel agency could decide that it is only profitable to allow employees above a certain level of performance standard to work at home. The firm could then use this standard as a benchmark and incentive for employees to obtain in order to get the option of working at home. How to cite Putnam Work@Home Case, Essay examples

Irish Research Paper Essay Example For Students

Irish Research Paper Essay Shawn Fernandez3/05/01ICS 7Research PaperIrish Culture in AmericaI. IntroductionThe history of Ireland is diverse and fact is mixed with fiction. Through the years in which Ireland had a famine, many people migrated over to the United States in order to have a better life and gain some prosperity. When they arrived they were met with less than open arms, but rather a whole new world of discrimination. I will be discussing the summary I have done on the discrimination of Irish in America today, followed by my reactions, two other Irish blooded reactions, the history, identities, and transitions, of these people of which I learned through doing this research. II. Research SummaryThe readings on Irish immigrants in America led me to understand the racism and culture that is new to them from where they used to live and also showed me their personal views of their treatment by the American society. The article in West Magazine is very good, covering many factors relating to the perception of Irish immigrants and their descendents living in the Santa Clara Valley. The article discussed the racism Irish Americans endured, the religion, and the culture that is celebrated. The article is very relevant to the values and communication of Irish Americans and other cultures. The Irish throughout time have been stereotyped as a very low-culture people. Many people have characterized the Irish as ?fighters and drinkers,? (Krim Early, 1995, p.31) which is not true, because many Irish who are normal working, non-drinking or non-fighting individuals. However, when the holiday called St. Patricks Day comes around, it is celebrated with drinking and eventually fighting. The reality is that no matter what bar you go into, you can find a drunk fighting about something, and the drunks are people of all nationalities and cultures. ?Me and my father have been sober for more than 5 years,? (Krim ; Early, 1995, p.31). Not all the Irish drink and the stereotype is false in many cases per taining to Irish Americans. Another value of the Irish is uncertainty avoidance, ?which concerns the degree to which people who feel threatened by ambiguous situations respond by avoiding them? (Martin ; Nakayama, 2000, 70). This leads the Irish to ?prefer to reduce rules, accept dissent, and take risks? (Martin ; Nakayama, 2000, 70). This can be supported by the massive immigration to the United States during the Potato Famine. Many Irish took to the seas during this period, and it was a great risk for so many to cross a sea and enter a world new to them, breaking away from the British power that controlled their lives. This emigration also demonstrates a sense of free will, which encompasses the need for change and to continue trying even if you fail. I noticed that the Irish are perceived as a group that works hard for what it wants and doesnt seem to give in to the norms of society. The new vision of Irish immigrants seems to be much healthier than that of previous generalizations. The action and doing valu e, which is entangled in the values, seems to be present in the lives of Irish immigrants, ?The young Irish coming over here today are much more sophisticated, more educated, and more ambitious ? (Krim Early, 1995, p.33). There is a definite sense of the contact hypothesis in the Santa Clara Valley, where cultures seem to communicate better than if they were separated by culture. ?The big melting pot of this city (San Jose) brings cultures together, where in other areas of the country, are still segregated based on race? (Morgan, 2001). This is relevant because it means that the chances of group members being of equal status are higher. Therefore, communication can exist between cultures without the dominance issue, being the lower class in job or race. The Santa Clara Valley race issue is not a factor or a prerequisite to be dominant. The Irish can integrate into any conversation and almost any culture without being seen as a threat to the other culture. They even relate to being a minority in some cases, ?We hide feelings, ? ?Irish have a distrust for authority,? ?Some think we are stupid or uncultured,? ?Ive even been called a paddy or mink?(Krim ; Early, 1995, p.33) basically a norm for most minorities in societies carrying a dominant culture or race. Whenever a group has a separate identity compared with the rest of the surrounding groups or cultures, the chances of discrimination or racism increase tremendously. III. Reactions ; AnalysisMy own reactions to the readings were mixed. The books, which I read, had contrasting views based on people and culture. It seems to me that many people are very judgmental and take things to heart, where others seem to be more comfortable with their identity and proud rather than easily affected by discriminatory words. The West article told about both sides of Irish Americans living in this county. The bad experiences were blatant and quoted with as much emphasis as possible for greatest impact to the reader. The good side was directly contrasted. The author could have included a gray area to show the common ground for Irish Americans in the Silicon Valley, but chose to make the issues more controversial. The generalization that Irish drink and fight may or may not relate to me. Since I turned 20, I have been drinking heavily at least every other day. So I have no premise to say that Irish dont drink, except that I think this is just a phase in my life righ t now. My father, who is also Irish, drinks a lot, and has been doing so for quite a while. So, based on my experience I have no evidence that Irish do not like to drink. As for the fighting, I have not been in a fight for 3 years, so I am not completely able to fend off that stereotype based on my own experience. As for my father, well, lets just say he doesnt back down from confrontations very easily. Therefore, I must agree with these generalizations. Doctrine of Ethos EssayV. Histories, Identities, TransitionsSome of the Irish history in America was shaped during the Mexican-American War, when the Irish defected and went to the aide of Mexico, which brought out the power of authority for the Irish living in the United States, giving them a step down in American society. ?The U.S. anti-immigrant press of the time caricatured the Irish with simian features, portraying them as unintelligent and drunk and charging that they were seditously loyal to the Pope? (Martin Nakayama, 2000, 95). Another part of their history was ?Irelands Great Hunger? in 1845 through 1850, where 2 million people died of starvation. The part of this history which is the most important and why Ireland has so much resentment for Britain, is because the ?British landowners exported 25 million bushels of corn and more than 250,000 sheep to England? (Krim Early, 1995, p.31) over the same period when all these Irish died. The history based on these, has shaped how the Irish react, live, and work in Ireland even today. However, resentment is not as harsh among Irish immigrants in America. Many have moved on with their lives and jobs, looking to the future. The identity of Irish was not destroyed because of people leaving the homeland, instead of staying and attempting to win back what was lost. ?The Irish tend not to look down on Irish Americans or Irish Canadians? (Krim Early, 1995, p.98) for this reason. The identity which Irish-immigrants brought was a truly American one. The culture of free speech, press and religion fit perfectly for a group that had escaped from British rule, as it was for Americans here before the American Revolution. In order to describe the Irish identity, we can look at pre-Revolutionary Americans. The Irish found the ability to own land and prosper, although some were poor and suffered a hard life; the idea of manifest destiny was present for all Irish immigrants coming to America. The transition of Irish to A merican culture was somewhat hard. The difference from being under British rule to living in American society where freedom and democracy is praised could be overwhelming, even making some confused at times. The beginning of the big migration to the U.S. put many Irish immigrants to work in mills and plants at low wages and bad conditions. As time progressed equality was a more common way for Irish immigrants. Many moved out west and developed a new way of life. Transition at this age, in the year 2001, is much easier because the young immigrants coming over know that the ways of freedom and the fast paced lifestyle are being picked up worldwide. VI. Conclusion Key LearningsThe key learnings from this paper which I personally experienced were not too dramatic. I learned that many immigrants who came over in the 1800s were at the bottom of the social and economic ladder. I also learned that a big majority of Irish Immigrants live right here in the Santa Clara Valley. The other inter esting fact from the readings were that some Irish felt as though they were not distinguished enough, and put into the big melting pot of ?Caucasian?. I thought that it was very common for white people to be put into the pot, and found no offense to this myself. It was also new to me that Irish are still immigrating, as business people, to find new jobs and become wealthy in America. European History

THE 1999 FORD MUSTANG Essay Example For Students

THE 1999 FORD MUSTANG? Essay The 1999 Mustang is a superb automobile at an excellent value. Ford has created a car with all of the amenities for a fair price. The performance and handling of this car is exceptional and the competition should be worried. When this car is driving down the strip, its styling will most definitely catch your eye.For a reasonable price tag you can own the 99 mustang. About $23,000 will get you a fully loaded pony. This car comes with everything from a high performance V-8 engine to leather, lumbar supported seats. This car also has an optional V-6 engine. The $23,000 GT model comes with power windows and door locks, standard Am/FM stereo/cassette CD player with six powerful speakers. It also comes with cruise control, which is mounted on the side of the steering wheel along with the stereo controls, so you virtually never have to take your eyes off the road. The performance of this car is excellent at all speeds. The Mustangs optional 4.6 liter V-8 engine produces a neck pulling 260-h orse power at 5,000 rpm, which shoots off the line like a bat out of hell. It comes with an optional four speed automatic or if you want to feel the full power of this pony you will go with the five speed standard transmission; which of course gets slightly better gas mileage. The gas mileage is about 17 mpg in the city and 24 mpg on the highway. Ford has made a finely tuned suspension that provides a comfortable yet firm ride. The pony takes sharp turns beautifully with its 16-inch alloy wheels and z-rated tires. We will write a custom essay on THE 1999 FORD MUSTANG? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ford completely redesigned the 99 Mustang from the inside out. The cars interior is not only comfortable, but very stylish. The climate control is very easy to adjust along with the rest of the cars controls. The GT model also comes with a security system, which includes keyless entry, standard. The exterior of the car has been dramatically changed and includes a wide variety of colors. It comes with a choice of three different styles of aluminum wheels. The rear of the body has two intricately carved half- circle openings for the stainless steel exhaust system, which creates the Mustangs unique sounding rumble. The car is also available with fog lamps and an optional spoiler. In the 99 Mustang you have got style, comfort, and most important plenty of power. What more could you ask for in an automobile. For about $23,000 you are getting a great car at a great value. Do not take my word for it; you have to drive the car to truly appreciate the Mustang. With interest rates lower than they have been in years and if you are in the market to buy a new car, you have to test-drive the 1999 Ford Mustang. Anthony Thermenos 2-11-98TR

Free Essays on You Cant Always Get What You Want

You Can’t Always Get What You Want One of the major components in the unraveling of a relationship is the lack of communication. Whether this lapse of interaction is intentional or merely the product of a misconception, no amity stands a chance for survival without a healthy, trusting dialogue, unaffected by any outside interference. Without a complete faith between two patrons, especially in the case of an intimate association, factions such as suspicion, resentment, distrust, and ultimately jealousy begin to get a foothold. Throughout Shakespeare’s Othello, we see this degradation between Othello and Desdemona as a result of Iago’s cunning manipulations and machinations. The entire tragedy could have been avoided had Othello chosen to listen to and believe his wife, rather than the maliciously evil Iago whose actions seem to being missing a purpose. Nevertheless, Othello’s quick judgments and mistrusts cause the downfall of those around him. As always, Shakespeare is able to show us a vari ety of charact! er traits in humanity that don’t always make logical sense. We are taken on an adventure that shows us the contrast in one’s life that can be caused by a jealous mind, taking a respected and noble being and transforming him into a ranting, irrational creature set on revenge. The factor of jealousy is apparent in three of this tragedy’s players: Roderigo, Othello, and Iago. Roderigo, a rich Venetian with desperate aspirations of obtaining Desdemona as his own, feels the only way for this to happen is by purchasing the assistance of the vile Iago. After repeatedly listening to Iago on how he can alter things for his favor, he ends up broke and away from home in Cyprus, with one final option; kill Cassio, his main competitor for Desdemona after she leaves Othello. His utterly pathetic existence becomes painfully apparent with his failure to complete his final task, and as a result, Iago slays him in yet anoth... Free Essays on You Can't Always Get What You Want Free Essays on You Can't Always Get What You Want You Can’t Always Get What You Want One of the major components in the unraveling of a relationship is the lack of communication. Whether this lapse of interaction is intentional or merely the product of a misconception, no amity stands a chance for survival without a healthy, trusting dialogue, unaffected by any outside interference. Without a complete faith between two patrons, especially in the case of an intimate association, factions such as suspicion, resentment, distrust, and ultimately jealousy begin to get a foothold. Throughout Shakespeare’s Othello, we see this degradation between Othello and Desdemona as a result of Iago’s cunning manipulations and machinations. The entire tragedy could have been avoided had Othello chosen to listen to and believe his wife, rather than the maliciously evil Iago whose actions seem to being missing a purpose. Nevertheless, Othello’s quick judgments and mistrusts cause the downfall of those around him. As always, Shakespeare is able to show us a vari ety of charact! er traits in humanity that don’t always make logical sense. We are taken on an adventure that shows us the contrast in one’s life that can be caused by a jealous mind, taking a respected and noble being and transforming him into a ranting, irrational creature set on revenge. The factor of jealousy is apparent in three of this tragedy’s players: Roderigo, Othello, and Iago. Roderigo, a rich Venetian with desperate aspirations of obtaining Desdemona as his own, feels the only way for this to happen is by purchasing the assistance of the vile Iago. After repeatedly listening to Iago on how he can alter things for his favor, he ends up broke and away from home in Cyprus, with one final option; kill Cassio, his main competitor for Desdemona after she leaves Othello. His utterly pathetic existence becomes painfully apparent with his failure to complete his final task, and as a result, Iago slays him in yet anoth...

Critical Journalism Studies Textual Analysis Assignment - 1

Critical Journalism Studies Textual Analysis - Assignment Example There are bad journalists just like there are bad people. However, movie directors never want to portray the flaws of journalists to the public. Movie directors such as Clooney and Winterbottom ensures that the negative trust that exist between Journalists and the people is minimized for the good of the profession (Good Night, and Good Luck, 2005). One good example of a film that shows heroic journalists is the Good Night & Good Luck (Good Night, and Good Luck, 2005). The film show how journalists help reshapes the society in a positive way. Journalists are viewed as a villain by those that they hold to account and for revealing past secrets. Moreover, journalists unearth revelation between protagonists in the Good Night & Good Luck. Through this, they are viewed as the essence of social impartiality. In the TV series, House of cards journalists excels in telling stories of ethical that Congressman Underwood do not want to be revealed. Thus, the revelation of corruptions put journalists at odd with politician. For example, Lucas Goodwin is a hard working journalist who reports corrupt officers in Washington (McNair, 2010). Moreover, relate well with his college and work and he is one of the heroes in the TV series. The House of cards depicts the U.S politics as wanting. Underwood and his wife are likened to Macbeth and Lord because they are ruthless to their enemies. However, it takes the courage of journalists like Goodwin to report their corrupt deals to gain political power. Therefore, Goodwin is a hero and does what McNair refers journalists as brave men and women. Though journalists are involved in revealing the evils in the society, their profession is chockfull of immoral act and corruption. Most of them are sexual predators. Others like Zoe Barnes are ready to interchange sensual favours for information. To this end, journalists are villain and contribute to the deterioration of corruption that continues

Combahee River Collective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Combahee River Collective - Essay Example Furthermore, they were committed to working on issues such as abortion rights, rape, sterilization abuse, rape and battered women. Pertaining to Black Nationalism, the collective affirmed its involvement in movements that were involved in the liberation for the Blacks. However, the black feminists asserted that they were disillusioned by the tactics employed by such movements in attaining their goals. Evidently, the collective noted that the politics in such movements were mainly racist and anti-sexist in nature. In relation to socialism, the collective asserts their belief in work being organized for the collective benefit of the workers and not solely for profit for the bosses. Moreover, the collective reiterates the equal distribution of material resources among those who create them. The collective was strongly in opposition to lesbian separatism as advocated by white females. On the contrary, it called for unity among all black feminist irrespective of sexual

The Leisure Travel And Tourism In Singapore Tourism Essay

The Leisure Travel And Tourism In Singapore Tourism Essay International tourism has grown substantially over the years due to rising standard of living, technological advancement and globalization. Tourism is also one of the key industries with a significant impact on the global economy (Tham, 2006). In the case of Singapore, it received 10.3 million visitors and a total expenditure of $14.1 billion in year 2007 compared to 9.8 million visitors and a total expenditure of $12.4 billion in year 2006 (Singapore Tourism Board, 2007) during good economy. The increased in the arrival of visitors had also contributed a substantial growth in other tourism related industries such as the hotel industry which had seen increased in room revenue of 23.5% at $1, 857.6 million versus $1, 503.9 million in year 2006; food and beverages industry shown growth by 33.7% at $1,406.5 million in year 2007 versus $1,052 million in 2006; and Singapore Airlines(SIA) had declared an operating profit of $982 million for the first half of FY 2007-2008, an increase of 84 .1% at $449 million compared to last year 2006-20071(SIA, Annual Report 2007). Singapore is fairly a small red dot on the globe with limited natural sceneries and leisure places for its people to enjoy. Hence, many of the Singapore residents prefer to travel out of Singapore. According to the data from Immigration and Checkpoint Authority (ICA), the total outbound departures of Singapore residents for year 2008 had rose by 804,234 to 6,828,362 as compared to 2007 at 6,024,128. There is a growing number of Singaporeans from all age groups, between 18 to 65 years old, travelling overseas frequently to Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia and Hong Kong SAR as it seemed that travelling has became part of their lifestyle. With the gradual increase in income level of employed workers as well as a good starting pay for the new comers who had just graduated from universities and began their working lives, the younger and better educated Singaporeans are now able to enjoy affordable recreational and leisure activities which could not have been possible previously. The peak travel seasons were spotted high in early June, November and December every year given its school holidays nationwide. Many parents choose to travel with children during these periods so they can enjoy the family togetherness. Otherwise, they would not have the flexibility to travel on any other month in view of the endless workload of working parent as well as stipulated school seme sters that children had to abide by. The second most travelled season during the year would be those public holidays falling just before or after a weekend and many working Singapore residents would tend to take off days 3 from work, travelling to nearer destinations for leisure purpose. Travel agencies anticipated an increase in businesses during these periods and plan to promote short trip packages to regional destinations for those who want to travel over the long weekends (Channel NewsAsia4, 2009). These destinations include Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and Hong Kong (DSS, 2008). Thus from the data, it sparked our interests to find out the travel trends of Singapore residents such as the number of trips and cost of travel made in a year, preference to travel by package or free and easy, preferred destination and travel agency etc., in Singapore during good and bad times. Objectives and Research questions The main purposes developed for this project is to investigate the recent trends involved in leisure travelling and tourism in Singapore using data obtained in an empirical study. The following are the objectives of this study include: Objectives To find out the extent to which the different trends involved on travel for Singaporeans. To investigate if there is any correlation between the income level and place of travel with the citizens of Singapore. To find that these recent trends are supported by marketing tools. 1.1.2Research Questions Based on the objectives the study aims on the leisure travel and tourism in Singapore. In order to serve the above purpose we will address the following three research questions. RQ 1: What are the trends involved on travel for Singaporeans? RQ 2: How does the correlation exists between the income level and place for travel? RQ3: How do the existing trends can be supported by recent trends in marketing? Significance of the Study The present research focuses to examine the trend of travel from a Singaporeans perspective given the intensified frequency on outbound travel by per Singaporean in the recent years. This research highlights the market-based management as well as strategies for growing customer value. It also includes empirical analysis that involves gathering of travel profiles from selected subjects; secondary data is collected via literature reviews and statistical research by reliable and established sources. Literature review 1.3.1 Introduction In Singapore, a number of research works had placed their focus on visitors travelling trend (inbound) to Singapore, analyzing travellers choice of travel agency (Tak and Wan, 2005; Heung and Chu, 2000) and travellers usage on travel agency (Goldsmith and Litvin, 1999). However, there is no research on outbound travel particularly in areas like examining the trend of travellers profile in Singapore that affect or influence them in travelling especially during bad times where the world is facing economic downturns as well as the current swine flu influenza which appeared abruptly in April 2009 killing 231 people in Mexico, Canada and USA (World Health Organisation, 2009). According to the Singapore Department of Statistics for year 2008, Singapore had a population of 4.84 million and out of which, 3.64 million were Singapore citizens (including permanent residents). Singapores socio-demographic had changed rapidly over the years especially the growing aging population as highlighted in the report on aging population (2006) that the number of residents aged 65 years or older will multiply threefold from current 300,000 to 900,000 in year 2030; dual income families (the average monthly household income from work6 had grew by 12.5% at $7,750 in year 2008 vs. $6,890 of last year); the growing trend of many young couples who prefer not to have children so as to enjoy two-person lifestyle (total fertility rate 2007 stood at 1.29 per female out of 42.6 female of general marriage rate); and rising of single adults (15% males and 12.6% females of age between 40 to 44) in year 2007. The studies by Chon and Singh (1995); Loverseeds (1997); Morrison et al, (1996) ; and Ross (1999) also revealed that the changes in socio- demographic had led to substantial changes in travel trends and leisure demand in the travel industry. 1.3.2 Travelling in time of Crisis and Risk Tourism today is vulnerable to natural disasters and crisis. The effect of terrorists attacked in World Trade Center, New York and Pentagon had tremendously brought the tourism industry to a halt for a long period of time with an estimated loss of US10 billion (Floyd et al., 2004) and it took several months for travellers to regain their confidence in travelling. The impact on the flow of information from the news media could changed the travellers attitude, perception and behaviour on the impression of risks that travellers would face when travelling (Valencia and Crouch, 2008). Incidents of natural disasters, political unrest, wars, epidemics, and terrorism lead to perceived travel risks (Mansfeld, 2006), whereas tourists ignorance of the probability of such events engage them in real risks (Wilks Page, 2006). This remark had tallied with Laws Prideaux (2005) and Glaesser (2003)s findings that risk derives as the probability of an undesirable incident that leads to the possible ne gative consequences of a consumers behaviour. Whereas, Beirman (2003) said that the perception of safety and security is a major determinant in travellers decisions to visit a place. 1.3.3 Travel Expenditures Travel expenditure patterns are vital to travel organizers and destination marketers (Jang et al., 2004). The growth in international tourism spending had reached 5.6% (adjusted for exchange rate fluctuations and inflation) in 2007, in particular strong in Asia and Pacific with an increase of 11% (WTO, 2008). The total travel expenditure in Southeast Asia for year 2007 has increased by 24% at USD54 billion compared to last year of USD 43.6 billion (WTO, 2008). The expenditure incurred on travel fall mainly in these categories, which were also important pillars of the economies in that country returned airfares, lodging, food and beverages, transportation and recreation activities. WTO also reported that nearly 80 countries earned more than USD1 million from international tourism in 2007. In examining the travel expenditure pattern of Japanese to United States, Jang et al. (2004) concluded that Japanese travellers (non package tour) spent an average of $3265 in United States. The hig her income Japanese (with an annual household income above $100,000) spent an average of $4367 while, the lower income Japanese (annual household income below $100,000) spent an average of $2831. The high income travellers spend significantly more. The study also revealed that Japanese travellers with companions tend to spend more than those travel alone. In Zhang et al. (2004)s study, the authors concluded that respondents with higher income (US$30,000 or above) perceived travel cost less important than those lower income groups (US$14,999 or below). Hong et al. (2005) revealed that financial factors indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between income and assets and leisure travel spending, that is employed families spent significantly more than unemployed families during leisure travel, whilst, retired families spend the same amount as unemployed families but more on accommodation. 1.3.4 Income and Travel Distance Hoe (2007) reported that in the 2007 Country Brand Index, a global survey made by over 2,600 international travellers, Singapore was ranked as the first Asian country that most people want to live in among Asian cities, and came in fourth position in the global category. In year 2008, there were 39% of employed households earned a median monthly household income of S$4950, and the residents expenditure abroad had gradually increased from $11.54 million in year 2003 to $14.31 million in 2007(DSS, 2008). It was assumed that the household income has correlation with the number of overseas trips made by the individual or per household in a year. Research in consumer behaviour has found that people of higher income would tend to search more for products/services information (Andereck and Caldwell, 1994; Runyon and Stewart, 1987; Robertson, Zielinski and Ward, 1984; Newman, 1977). Sparks and Pan (2009) also revealed that a higher percentage (51%) of the Chinese in China who earned more than 8000 yuan (67.1% of surveyed respondents earned more than 8000 yuan per month) were likely to travel outside China within the next 12 months. Similarly, Zhang et al. (1999)s finding also revealed that people with higher income tend to travel further, but the relationship is not linear and the higher the respondents self-perceived incomes the longer will be the travelled distance. According to Nicolau and Mas (2005), the effect of distance and prices are moderated by tourist motivations at the moment of choosing a destination. The findings conducted in Spain concluded that individual is not incline towards long trips and prefer shorter distance. However, they do not mind longer journeys if they are visiting family or friend or exploring new places. Contradictory, this group of people is unwilling to pay more for expensive places where family or friend resides but are willing to pay to explore new places. Nicolau and Mas (2005) also highlighted that people who are looking for culture are generally more willing to pay higher prices, whereas those looking for climate are less willing. In Singapore, with the rapid changes in socio-demographic over the years, there had been an increasing number of young adults age ranging from 15 to 34 years old that travel overseas at least once a year to neighboring countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand (DSS, 2005). Some of the possible reasons of short distance travelling could be financial constraints or not able to take longer leave from work. Heung and Chu (2000) found that travellers with lower income are more concern with pricing than travellers with higher income. 1.3.5 Intentions to Travel Travel is considered a leisure activity (Turco, Stumbo, Garncarz, 1998). Neal, Uysal and Sirgy (2007) also confirmed that travel is an important aspect of leisure life. Given the high standard cost of living in Singapore and heavy pressure from work, many Singaporeans chose to maintain a balance lifestyle between work and relaxation by travelling out of Singapore. Hence majority choose to escape from work to enjoy recreation activities with family or friends. Zabriskie McCormick (2001) concluded that Families are still considered to be the fundamental units of society and are perhaps the oldest and most important of all human institutions. Examination of family leisure had consistently demonstrated a positive relationship between family recreation and aspects of family functioning such as satisfaction and bonding. In another research work by Modell and Imwold (1998) suggested that there are several benefits of active involvement in recreational activities by the family, parents in particular, such as learning about diversity and socially appropriate behaviour, increased communication and self-esteem, and the development of friendships and social skills. Methodology The data used in this study was collected using the online survey method involving respondents of Singapore residents. This method was chosen as it is an ease and cheap way of targeting the respondents and collecting data. A structured questionnaire looking at different trends of travel and tourism of the Singapore was the main instrument used to collect the data. A five point likert scale ranging from 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree and 5=strongly agree was used on the trends influencing travel and tourism in Singapore. The questionnaire was first pre-tested on few students basically known as pilot study was made to ensure that the wording used was clear and understandable as w.ell as to estimate the time involved in filling the questionnaire Statistical package for social science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, T-test were the statistical tools used in the analysis. 1.5 Outline of the Project This thesis is organized into five sections. Chapter 1 introduces the analysis of tourism outlook of Singapore for both inbound and outbound travel. It also outlines the objective, aim to achieve, and research questions. Chapter 2 examines the past works and analysis conducted by various researchers performed in areas like travelling during crisis and risk, travel distance, travel expenditures, intentions to travel, travel behaviour, influences on attributes and purchases preference. Chapter 3 presents the methodology used in this thesis and the research findings obtained through this methodology. Data collection strategies and analysis used would be presented in details. This chapter also consist the limitation of study, ethical considerations as well as sampling and population. Chapter 4 examines the results collected from the survey .This chapter also includes a discussion of the findings to explain the reason behind the factors influencing the abroad education. Chapter 5 concludes the study by summarizing the findings in this study and presenting the implications that could arise as well as the possible future directions. 1.6 Summary Firstly In this chapter the background of the project explains briefly about the leisure travel and tourism in Singapore where the background also revealed the justification for the purpose of the study, which is followed by research questions and objectives of the project .Finally, this chapter provided the overview about the 5 chapters in this project independently.

Teenage Smoking :: Cigarette Smoking

Teenage Smoking: Teenagers Should Not Smoke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teenagers should not smoke because smoking is the most preventable cause of death in America today, especially among teenage smokers. Cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. It is also responsible for chronic bronchitis. Last, there is emphysema, which is another disease caused by smoking. By smoking, people have a fivefold increase in the risk of dying from lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lung cancer accounts for 29 percent of all cancer deaths in the United States and smoking accounts for about 87 percent of lung cancer deaths. The risks of dying from lung cancer are 23 times higher for male smokers and 11 times higher for female smokers than for nonsmokers. An estimated 158,700 people - 94,400 men and 64,300 women- die from this disease each year, which makes lung cancer the leading cause of cancer deaths in both sexes. The great majority of lung cancer cases could be prevented and thousands of lives could be saved each year if people would quit smoking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smoking is the main cause of chronic bronchitis and has been found to cause acute bronchitis. Acute bronchitis affects the branches of the bronchi and may develop into bronchial asthma or lobular pneumonia. Chronic bronchitis, a serious and incurable disorder, may result from repeated attacks of acute bronchitis. It is characterized by fever, chest pain, severe coughing, and often secretion of sputum (mucous material coughed up from the respiratory tract).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emphysema is a progressive respiratory disease characterized by coughing and shortness of breath, which can develop into extreme difficulty in breathing, and most of the time resulting in disability and death. In recent years, emphysema has become a very serious public health problem in terms of rapidly increasing numbers of disabilities and deaths. The highest degree of occurrence is among heavy cigarette smokers, especially those exposed to polluted air. Although people can not quite cure emphysema, abstention from smoking is essential, because it can give relief and increase functioning capacity.

Pilgrims Progress Short Form Essay

MAIN CHARACTERS (a clear, concise description of each): Christian is the main character, he has a simple personality. He represents just one aspect of the human experience: the search for religious truth. He is his faith (hence the name) his motivation, the search for salvation in the celestial city, is the one aspect that clearly defines him. Apollyon is the antagonist, he has a physical irregularity that displays his evil. Apollyon is a hybrid being, part dragon, bear, human, and fish, the air associated with his wings, the fire linked with dragons and the earth that bears live on. These combination convey his immense power, suggesting that he draws power from all parts of the universe, his nature is complex, the exact opposite of Christians extreme simplicity. MINOR CHARACTERS (a clear, concise description of each): Evangelist- the messenger carrying the gospel, or the word of Christ, to Christian he spurs Christian on his journey to the celestial city. Obstinate- a neighbor of Christian in the city of destruction who refuses to accompany him. Pliable- A neighbor if Christians who accompanies him for a while. After falling though the slough of Despond , Pliable is discouraging and returns home, only to be mocked by the townsfolk. Help- Fellow pilgrim who helps pull Christian from the Slough of Despond. Worldly Wiseman- A reasonable and practical man whom Christian encounters early in his journey Worldly Wiseman tries unsuccessfully to urge Christian to give up his religious foolishness and live a content secular life. Formalist- A traveler whom Christian meets along the wall of Salvation. With his hypocrisy, Formalist sneaks over the wall, instead of following the straight and narrow as Christian did. Hypocrisy- Formalist’s travel companion Discretion- One of the four mistresses of the Palace Beautiful. Discretion takes Christian and feeds him. Piety- one of the four mistresses of the palace Beautiful. Piety asks Christian about his journey so far. Prudence- One of the four mistresses of the Palace Beautiful. Prudence tries to understand Christian’s purpose in traveling to Mount Zion Charity- One of the four mistresses of the palace Beautiful. Charity asks Christian why he did not bring his family, which causes him to weep. The Interpreter- Spiritual guide who shelters Christian. The Interpreter instructs Christian in the art of reading religious meanings hidden in everyday objects and events, which he houses in his Significant Rooms. Shining Ones- Three celestial creatures who clothe Christian with the new garments and give him the certificate. The Shining Ones act as guardians throughout Christians journey. Faithful-Fellow pilgrim from Christian’s hometown who reports on the city they both left behind. Faithful loyally accompanies Christian until he is executed in the town of Vanity for the crime of disrespecting local Satan- worshiping religion. Talkative- Fellow pilgrim who travel alongside Christian and faithful for a while. Talkative is spurned by Christian and faithful for a while. Talkative is spurned by Christian for valuing spiritual words over religious deeds. Mr. By-ends- A user of religion for personal ends and social profit. Mr. By-ends accompanies Christian briefly after Christian escapes from vanity. Hopeful-Pilgrim who replaces Faithful as Christian’s travel companion and confidant after leaving Vanity, all the way to Celestial city. Hopeful saves Christian’s life in the river before the gates to mount Zion Giant Despair- Master of the doubting castle. Giant Despair imprisons Hopeful and Christian for trespassing on his domain and is later killed by Great-Heart and Christian’s sons. Diffidence- Giant Despair’s wife. She encourages the harsh punishment of Hopeful and Christians in the Doubting Castle. Demas- Gentlemanly figure who tries to entice Christian and Hopeful with silver and dreams of wealth. Temporary- A would-be pilgrim whom Christian speaks of in a cautionary way, warning of Temporary’s backsliding before his spiritual progress was complete. MAIN SETTING(S) (a clear, concise description of each): There is no main setting; the novel occurs in a variety of places. ONE PARAGRAPH PLOT OUTLINE: Faith, Hope, Mercy, Envy, Ignorance, Guilt: These are not abstract concepts, but the names of vividly imagined, sharply draw human characters encountered by Christian, the hero of The Pilgrim’s Progress. In Christians search for salvation, each step along the way becomes a dramatic rendering of an inner state of the human psyche. As Christian journeys from â€Å"The wilderness of this world† to the glory of the Celestial City, he confronts a seemingly endless array of temptations, threats, and dangers, including the nearly irresistible allure of material splendor at Vanity Fair; the crushing psychological burden of depression and despair in the Slough of Despond ; and the fear and uncertainty that eats away at faith in the Doubting Castle. TWO OR THREE SYMBOLS (explain references and importance): City of Destruction- the city represents the entire world as it is, with all of its sins, corruptions, and sorrows, no one living there can have any hope of salvation. Interpreter- a character symbolizing the Holy Spirit. ONE OR TWO SENTENCES ON DOMINANT THEMES (State the theme correctly, e.g, â€Å"Love is blind.† NOT â€Å"the theme is about love.† What about it? BS. See Lit Book, p1187): The path to spiritual salvation is one full of many obstacles. STYLE ANALYSIS- CITE EXAMPLES AND ANALYZE THE EFFECT: The Style Analysis portion of your short form must be ONE Page. Use bullet points-NOT narrative format- like ur Novel Notes Single Spaced- but otherwise MLA format one inch margins N E Tabs s/b 1.5† Use Bullet Points – NOT narrative format ELABORATE on the Effect! Use your TOOLBOX and HandOuts DICTION: SYNTAX: FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: FOUR SHORT (memorable QUOTATIONS TYPICAL OF THE WORK – include speaker and occasion. 1. â€Å"quote† – â€Å"Here is a burdened sinner. I come from the City of Destruction, but am going to Mount Zion, that I may be delivered from Wrath to come; I would therefore, sir, since I am informed that by this gate is the Way thither, know if you are willing to let me in?† Speaker – Christian Occasion – Christian introduces himself to the gatekeeper Goodwill, so that he can get through the gate and continue on his journey to salvation. 2. â€Å"quote† – â€Å"By this I perceive thou art one of my subjects; for all that country is mine, and I am the prince and God of it. How is it then that thou hast run away from thy king?† Speaker- Apollyon Occasion – Apollyon tries to kidnap Christian and thwart his journey. 3. â€Å"quote.† –   You will use this Short Form to write your analysis essay.